Uchungechunge lwenani lezolimouhlaka luwumqondo obalulekile emkhakheni wezolimo futhi ludlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuhlinzekwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke. Ihlanganisa yonke inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwezolimo, kusukela esigabeni sokuqala sokulima kuya esigabeni sokugcina sokusabalalisa nokusetshenziswa. Ukuqonda uhlaka lwe-value chain framework kubalulekile kubabambiqhaza bomkhakha wezolimo njengoba kunikeza ulwazi ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene lapho imikhiqizo yezolimo ingena khona emakethe kanye nenani elengezwe esigabeni ngasinye.
Uhlaka lochungechunge lwenani lezolimo lungachazwa njengeqoqo lemisebenzi ehlobene nezinqubo ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni, ekucubunguleni nasekusabalaliseni imikhiqizo yezolimo. Ihlanganisa zonke izigaba kusukela ekuhlinzekeni okokufaka, ukukhiqiza, ukuphatha ngemva kokuvuna, ukucubungula, ukumaketha kanye nokusabalalisa kumthengi wokugcina. Isigaba ngasinye sochungechunge lwenani sengeza inani emikhiqizweni yezolimo futhi uhlaka lunikeza umbono ophelele wayo yonke inqubo.
Uhlaka lochungechunge lwamanani ezolimo luwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi oluguquguqukayo olubandakanya ababambiqhaza abaningi, okuhlanganisa abalimi, abahlinzeki bempahla, ama-agro-processors, abathengisi bezitolo, abathengisi nabathengi. Umbambiqhaza ngamunye udlala indima ethile ochungechungeni lwenani, futhi ukusebenzisana kwabo kanye nobudlelwano kubalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kahle nempumelelo kohlelo lonke.
Uhlaka lochungechunge lwezolimo lubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuhamba kwemikhiqizo yezolimo isuka epulazini iye kumthengi kanye nokwengezwa kwenani okwenzeka esigabeni ngasinye. Inikeza umbono ophelele wemisebenzi ehlukahlukene kanye nezinqubo ezihilelekile ekuletheni imikhiqizo yezolimo emakethe futhi isiza ukuhlonza amathuba okwenza ngcono kanye nokwenza kahle ngaphakathi kochungechunge lwenani.
Uhlaka lwe-value chain framework lungabukwa njengochungechunge lwezigaba ezihlobene, ngasinye sengeza inani emikhiqizweni yezolimo. Uhlaka luqala ngesigaba sokuhlinzekwa kwama-input, lapho abalimi bethola khona izinto ezidingekayo ekukhiqizeni ukulima, njengembewu, umanyolo kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. Lesi sigaba sibalulekile, sibeka isisekelo salo lonke uchungechunge lwamanani futhi sibe nomthelela kwikhwalithi nenani lomkhiqizo wokugcina wezolimo.
Isigaba esilandelayo ohlakeni lwe-value chain yezolimo yisigaba sokukhiqiza, lapho abalimi betshala futhi bavune imikhiqizo yezolimo. Lesi sigaba sibandakanya imisebenzi ehlukahlukene njengokulungiswa komhlaba, ukutshala, ukuchelela kanye nokulawula izinambuzane. Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza kwesigaba sokukhiqiza kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi kanye nenani lemikhiqizo yezolimo futhi ekugcineni kunquma impumelelo yochungechunge lwenani.
Ngemuva kwesigaba sokukhiqiza, isigaba sokuphatha nokucubungula emva kokuvuna yilapho imikhiqizo yezolimo ilungiselelwa ukusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa. Lesi sigaba sibandakanya imisebenzi efana nokuhlunga, ukugreda, ukupakisha kanye nokucutshungulwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yayo yeshelufu kanye nokudayiswa. Ukulahlekelwa ngemva kokuvuna kungenzeka kulesi sigaba, futhi ukuphatha kahle nokucubungula kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu kulahlekelwa kanye nokugcina izinga lomkhiqizo.
Isigaba sokumaketha nokusatshalaliswa yisigaba esilandelayo esibalulekile sohlaka lochungechunge lwezolimo, lapho imikhiqizo yezolimo ilethwa emakethe futhi yenziwe itholakale kubathengi. Lesi sigaba sibandakanya imisebenzi efana nezokuthutha, ukugcinwa kwempahla, nokufinyelela emakethe, futhi sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni imikhiqizo yezolimo nabathengi bokugcina. Ukumaketha nokusabalalisa ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhiqizo yezolimo ifinyelela ezimakethe ezihlosiwe ngesikhathi nangamanani ancintisanayo.
Isigaba sokugcina sohlaka lochungechunge lwenani lezolimo yisigaba sokusetshenziswa, lapho imikhiqizo yezolimo isetshenziswa umthengi wokugcina. Lesi sigaba sibandakanya imisebenzi efana nokudayisa, ukulungisa ukudla kanye nokusetshenziswa futhi siyingqophamlando yalo lonke uchungechunge lwenani. Ukuqonda okuthandwa ngabathengi kanye nezidingo kubalulekile kulesi sigaba njengoba kuthinta izinqumo zokukhiqiza nokumaketha kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani.
Uhlaka lochungechunge lwamanani ezolimo luthonywa izici eziningi, ezihlanganisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, amandla ezimakethe, inqubomgomo nezinhlaka zokulawula, kanye nezici zemvelo. Lezi zici zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuphumeleleni kochungechunge lwenani futhi zingase zidale amathuba noma izinselele kubabambiqhaza abafanelekile.
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe efana nokulima okunembayo kanye namathuluzi okulima edijithali anamandla okwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza kwamaketango amagugu ezolimo. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela abalimi ukuthi bathuthukise izinqubo zokukhiqiza, behlise izindleko zokufakwayo futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wabo. Ukwengeza, amapulatifomu edijithali kanye nezixazululo ze-e-commerce ziguqule indlela imikhiqizo yezolimo ekhangiswa ngayo futhi isatshalaliswa, okuhlinzeka ngamathuba amasha okufinyelela ezimakethe kanye nokuzibandakanya kwabathengi.
Ukuguquguquka kwezimakethe, okuhlanganisa nokushintsha okuthandwa ngabathengi, amaphethini ohwebo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuguquguquka kwentengo, nakho kunomthelela ohlakeni lochungechunge lwamanani ezolimo. Ukuqonda amathrendi nezidingo zemakethe kubalulekile ukuze ababambiqhaza benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana namasu okukhiqiza, ukumaketha, kanye nokusabalalisa. Ukwengeza, inqubomgomo nezinhlaka zokulawula ezifana nezivumelwano zohwebo, amazinga okuphepha kokudla kanye noxhaso lwezolimo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwamaketango ayigugu kanye nokuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yezolimo ezimakethe zomhlaba.
Izici zemvelo ezifana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukuphathwa kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nezinqubo ezisimeme ziya ngokuya zibaluleka ohlakeni lochungechunge lwenani lezolimo. Izinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme, okuhlanganisa ukulima kwemvelo, i-agroecology kanye nezolimo zokongiwa, ziya ngokuya ziqashelwa njengoba ababambiqhaza bebona ukubaluleka kokuphathwa kwemvelo nokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo.
Uhlaka lochungechunge lwamanani ezolimo lunikeza umbono ophelele wemisebenzi ehlobene nezinqubo ezihilelekile ekuletheni imikhiqizo yezolimo emakethe. Isiza ababambiqhaza ukuthi babone amathuba okwengezwa kwenani, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kanye nokufinyelela ezimakethe, futhi isebenza njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuthatha izinqumo nokuhlela amasu emkhakheni wezolimo.
Kafushane, uhlaka lwe-value chain framework luwumqondo obalulekile ohlanganisa yonke inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwezolimo kusukela ekunikezweni kwempahla kuya ekusetshenzisweni. Ukuqonda lolu hlaka kubalulekile kubabambiqhaza bomkhakha wezolimo njengoba kunikeza ulwazi ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuletha imikhiqizo yezolimo emakethe kanye nenani elengeziwe esigabeni ngasinye. Lolu hlaka luthonywa izici ezifana nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukuguquguquka kwezimakethe, inqubomgomo nezinhlaka zokulawula, nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo, futhi lidlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuqonda ngokugcwele kanye nokwenza kahle izinhlaka zochungechunge lwamanani ezolimo, ababambiqhaza bangathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukusimama kanye nokuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yezolimo ezimakethe zomhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-12-2024